Bird Knowledge

1. Duck Family (Anatidae)

Representative species: Mallard, wild duck, northern pintail, black geese, etc.

Habitat: Lakes, rivers, wetlands, etc.

Characteristics: Ducks have flat bills and strong webbed feet, well-suited for swimming and diving. Most spend a lot of time on the water's surface and forage by dipping their bills into the water to catch food. Ducks are omnivorous, eating aquatic plants, small fish, insects, and more.

Breeding habits: Ducks usually build nests near water, and during the breeding season, they often form large flocks.

2. Heron Family (Ardeidae)

Representative species: Great egret, little egret, night heron, grey heron, etc.

Habitat: Shallow waters, wetlands, river mouths, lakes, etc.

Characteristics: Herons are characterized by long legs and necks, ideal for standing in shallow waters to forage. They primarily catch small fish, frogs, and aquatic insects. Herons are known for their patience, often standing still in the water to wait for prey, then striking quickly.

Breeding habits: Herons typically nest in wetlands or trees, and some species form large colonies during breeding seasons.

3. Mandarin Duck Family (Anatidae)

Representative species: Mandarin duck, white-breasted mandarin duck, etc.

Habitat: Lakes, rivers, wetlands.

Characteristics: Mandarin ducks are colorful and of medium size, commonly found in lakes and still water environments. They are highly selective about their habitats, often preferring areas with aquatic plants. Their diet mainly consists of aquatic plants, insects, mollusks, and more.

Breeding habits: Mandarin ducks generally breed in quiet and secluded areas, with females responsible for incubation.

4. Seabird Family (Laridae)

Representative species: Seagull, pelican, albatross, storm petrel, etc.

Habitat: Coastlines, islands, coastal lakes.

Characteristics: Seabirds are adapted to life in marine environments, with strong wings for long-distance flight. They often forage on the ocean's surface for fish and other marine life. Seagulls eat fish, mollusks, while pelicans are known for their fishing skills, and albatrosses glide across the oceans.

Breeding habits: Most seabirds nest on coastal cliffs or islands, and some migrate to tropical areas during breeding seasons. 

1. Passerine Order (Passeriformes

Representative species: Sparrow, thrush, yellow oriole, titmouse, etc.

Habitat: Forests, urban green spaces, shrublands, farmland, etc.

Characteristics: Passerines are the largest order of birds, typically small, with excellent flight abilities and broad adaptability. Their bills are usually short and pointed, suited for eating seeds, insects, and other small food items. Passerines spend a lot of time hopping on branches and foraging.

Breeding habits: Most passerines nest in trees or shrubs, with the female incubating the eggs and both parents taking care of the chicks.

2. Woodpecker Family (Picidae)

Representative species: Great spotted woodpecker, lesser spotted woodpecker, etc.

Habitat: Forests, wood edges, orchards, etc.

Characteristics: Woodpeckers are known for their strong bills and head structure adapted to tapping on tree trunks. They forage for insects and larvae hidden under bark by drilling into trees. Woodpeckers often use trees as both nesting and foraging sites.

Breeding habits: Woodpeckers create cavities in tree trunks for nesting. They use tapping to communicate during the breeding season.

3. Crow Family (Corvidae)

Representative species: Raven, magpie, jay, jackdaw, etc.

Habitat: Forests, farmlands, urban areas, etc.

Characteristics: Corvids are highly intelligent birds, capable of using tools, solving complex tasks, and communicating with each other. They are generally large, with wide wings, and are excellent fliers. Corvids are curious and adapt to various environments, often coming into close contact with humans.

Breeding habits: Corvids often nest in tall trees and are highly protective of their nests. Both parents care for the young.

4. Hawk Family (Accipitridae)

Representative species: Eagle, falcon, kestrel, buzzard, etc.

Habitat: Forests, mountains, grasslands, etc.

Characteristics: Hawks are raptors, characterized by sharp vision and powerful hunting skills. They have curved beaks and strong talons, which are well-suited for catching prey. Hawks usually perch in high places, such as tree tops or cliffs.

Breeding habits: Hawks typically build their nests on tall trees or cliffs, with the female incubating the eggs. Both parents hunt and feed the chicks.